Micropower system optimization for the telecommunication towers based on various renewable energy sources

This study investigates the technical and cost-effective performance of options renewable energy sources to develop a green off-grid telecommunication tower replace diesel generators in Malaysia. For this purpose, solar, wind, pico-hydro energy, along with generators, were examined compare. In addition, modeling hybrid powering systems was conducted using optimization model for (HOMER) simulation based on techno-economic analysis determine optimal economically feasible system. The findings showed that high-efficiency fixed photovoltaic (PV) system battery followed by 2 kW pico-hydropower are configurations towers Malaysia lowest net present cost (NPC) (COE). These costs NPC COE more down than generator 17.45%, 16.45%, 15.9%, 15.5%, respectively. Furthermore, economic evaluation solar PV panels annual cash flow compared indicated ten-year payback period.